Introduction
The Internet of Things (IOT) technology is considered the fourth revolution of information, after those in computers, the Internet, and mobile networks, which were the primary drivers of the Internet. Various artificial intelligence and others.
1- An introduction to the development of the Internet
It is known that the development of the Internet has taken place in stages. After it was the preserve of military affairs, its use was opened for civilian applications in the late twentieth century. However, the massive spread of the Internet and its services worldwide was not taken into account, and it was not expected that its use would extend to all aspects of life.
With the spread of cellular or mobile phone technology as a new form of technology, and the emergence of smart phone and tablet technology, the door was opened wide for the expansion of the phenomenon of audio-visual electronic social communication. Search engines that build links between concepts and lexical semantics, to transform unstructured or semi-structured data into structured data that is easy to use and manipulate.
Then there was a tremendous development in equipment technology with sensors, simple and effective software algorithms, GPS devices, proximity and remote sensing technology, and wired and wireless connection, which led to a qualitative leap in the Internet from the Internet of communications to the Internet of things. The phenomenon of communication and communication via the Internet emerged between devices to each other, and this shift aroused great enthusiasm among individuals and institutions to benefit from these services, and this is what is required.
2- What is meant by things?
Objects mean everything that the Internet can recognize through known Internet protocols. Things communicate and understand over the Internet without the direct intervention of humans, so there will be a language of understanding between them. Bracelet, electronic clothing, medical devices or equipment, etc.
These things are provided with high skills of understanding, analysis and synthesis, so they respond to the commands sent, analyze them and construct concepts around them, and consequently, orders are issued in response to the high-level technical skills that they have been provided with.
Examples of these things are various household items such as refrigerators, washing machines, alarms, entrances to buildings, air conditioners, and commercial goods. There are smart homes, companies, factories, farms, universities, hospitals, smart laboratories, and much more. The interaction between these things and the Internet to serve the human being is the basis of this whole issue.
3- Advantages of the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things has many advantages, to list them through several areas:
A- Smart Home
Through the Internet of Things technology, it is possible to operate air conditioning, lighting, food preparation, garden irrigation, detection of the contents of the refrigerator and alerting the end of food in it, and even extends to requesting a list of foods from food centers. Where the refrigerator can communicate with the shopping center and buy supplies and deliver them without human intervention, understanding between things using the Internet Protocol is essential.
B- Health Care
Through the technology of the Internet of Things, patients can be followed up in their homes, and medicines can be sent to them, and even medicines can be dispensed to them from smart pharmacies before they run out.
Cancer, diabetes and pressure patients each have their own device that tracks vital and health indicators, sends reports to doctors about their condition, and predicts any risk in their health. Bruce Johnson, head of the American Society of Oncology Department, has expressed the benefit and safety of these patients for those who receive home medical visits, as The disease sensors send quick signals to the medical staff to take the necessary action.
A person can also save himself in the event of a heart attack using the latest technologies of the Internet of Health of Things, and a study conducted by a group of doctors in 2019 shows the usefulness of these technologies, as doctors designed a device known as the Support Vector Machine to distinguish the voice of the dying inhale, by approximating his mouth to the phone, so the device reads his condition, and informs the emergency doctor to take the necessary action.
C- Smart Cities
Internet of things technology allows the development of city services such as electric and water networks, as well as traffic regulation networks, so that they are able to report damages and accidents on the roads and take appropriate action. There is even a type of smart car that senses accidents and gives signals to avoid them. The car recognizes edges, sidewalks and road signs and makes decisions to walk or park without driver intervention. A computer specialized in a car maintenance workshop can communicate (message) remotely with a car, to detect an error in it without the need for the car to visit the workshop.
Water sprinklers in public gardens can also irrigate, and even sense humidity and temperature, and spray water to soften the atmosphere.
The Internet of Things provides a service that transforms civilized cities, characterized by a good infrastructure qualified to receive technology, into smart cities, through which prosperity is practiced and the quality of life that peoples seek.
D- Educational Services
Educational institutions have used the Internet of Things in education to improve the quality of the education provided, and to make educational and administrative tasks more effective, and from it new terms such as virtual classrooms, smart libraries, virtual universities and e-books have appeared, and high-quality technologies have been used such as interactive whiteboards, 3D printers, smart lighting and cooling systems. Automatic heating, RFID-enabled ID cards, biometric attendance tracking, security cameras, etc.
In these systems, the student remains permanently connected to his curricula and professors, as messages are sent to him with his schedules and duties, and suggestions to join personal and development courses and academic topics, such as various training opportunities.
Let us mention a few of these services:
A- Providing personal and social learning
One of the most important educational services of the Internet of Things is to provide an opportunity for learning, whether personal or social. Everyone has his preference for learning. Some people like video clips, such as reading, while others prefer audio and video clips together, such as videos.
Through virtual and augmented reality, whiteboard technologies and smart pens, for example, the learner can experience learning by himself, and make his learning an enjoyable experience. For example, and not specifying, the student can dissect an animal with extreme accuracy without the need to actually dissect it, and carry out a high-risk chemical experiment without being exposed to its danger. He can also use scanners, which optically recognize characters, where they scan the text with a click of a button, and then send it to the smartphone for modification and use, and thus the learner can provide himself with his own learning environment.
With the ease of use of the Internet, it has also become possible to join collective learning groups, and this includes many blogs and communities, which help to learn by collecting and exchanging knowledge, as social networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Edmodo and others have contributed to this method of learning from During Q&A sessions with experts from different fields.
b- Providing a MBL Mobile Based Learning environment
Mobile phones have become a necessity of life, as a lot of knowledge is provided through it, and many and very diverse educational applications have been used on these devices, such as educational electronic games, so learners spend an enjoyable educational time. Research has also proven the extent to which learners excel in various subjects through Internet of Things devices such as learning English, mathematics and various sciences, in addition to the persistence of the impact of learning and the growing long-term interest in it.
As a result of the widespread interest in the mobile phone, its applications have multiplied, and educational applications are improving the Internet of Things. Students can create books and 3D graphic videos on their own that they can access everywhere.
C- Providing electronic educational content
With the development of smartphones and tablets, digital books and libraries have appeared, there have become virtual universities and classes, and even the evaluation process has become electronic, and the list of QR codes has evolved, where each code is referred to a specific digital book, so the student only needs to scan the QR code and get a book teacher on his device.
4- Individuals who benefit from the educational Internet of Things
The actors involved in the education process (to take advantage of the powerful aspects of the Internet of Things) are identified as learners, teachers, and the governing body:
First: the learners
The definition of the learner includes every student and researcher, as the student is one of the main chain links in the education process. Through the Internet of Things in Education, students can benefit from it by:
Personal and social learning that is adaptable according to the needs of the student.
Participatory learning: the student contributes and participates in the learning process.
Learning anytime and anywhere, through the availability of relevant tools and software such as a personal assistant.
Improving learning outcomes.
Second: the teachers
This title includes university professors and school teachers, and through the Internet of Things in education, teachers can benefit from it by:
Modern digital tools to explain new material in a better and faster way.
Maximum techniques in tracking the attendance and absence of students.
Modern tools for assessing how students perceive new material.
High potential to give an opportunity for experimentation with the education process.
Third: the administrative body
Here we can talk about the deans and directors of educational institutions from universities and schools, those who manage the operations and facilities of education, and through the Internet of things in education can benefit through:
Providing an interactive electronic space for the educational content for the teacher to add and modify it, and for the student to benefit and interact with it.
Providing records, smart digital ID cards and wristbands, enables recording and tracking of student, staff and external visitors activity.
Track locations and specific areas on and off campus and school, access all existing information, create alerts whenever necessary, and track bus routes with a GPS-based bus system that ensures the safety of students and teachers.
Protect the data and grades of students and teachers.
Intelligent building monitoring including HVAC system, lighting, locks, etc…
Arabic references
1- Al-Hakim, Mazen “: Introduction to the Internet of Things”, retrieved on: Wednesday 17/6/2020 an article published on the Search Gateway website (2018)
2- Abu Oud, Hanin Abdel Salam, Al-Darrat, Aseel Ahmed, Abdel-Shahed, Ali Muhammad: “The Internet of Smart Things in Health Care”, Academic Research Journal, Issue: 15, Publication year: 2019
3- Ismail, Abdel Raouf Mohamed, “The Smart City is an Arab Ideological Ambition”, Al Shukri Publishing, Cairo, year of publication: 2018
Foreign references
1- Kollol, Nath, “The Importance of Online Reputation Management (ORM) for Businesses”, Retrieved on 23 June 2020 “https://www.mobiloitte.com/blog/author/kollol/”
2- Sergey, L, “IoT In Education: 5 Solutions For Schools And Colleges To Modify Learning Process”, Retrieved on 20 June 2020, https://www.cleveroad.com/blog/iot-in-education-main-solutions -iot-brings-to-educational-sector
3- “Smart classroom technology- IoT in Education Industry,” Retrieved on 23 June 2020, https://medium.com/@chapter247infotech/smart-classroom-technology-iot-in-education-industry-3eba4b2cd374
4- “The Internet of Things in Education Improves learning and teaching experiences by leveraging IoT on a secure foundation”, Retrieved on 23 June 2020, https://www.al-enterprise.com/ko-kr/-/media/ assets/internet/documents/iot-for-education-solutionbrief-en.pdf